Description
The oestrogen receptors (ERs) are steroid or nuclear hormone receptors that act as transcription regulators involved in diverse physiological functions. Oestrogen receptors function as dimeric molecules in nuclei to regulate the transcription of target genes in a ligand-responsive manner. The ER consists of three functional and structural domains: an N-terminal modulatory domain, a highly conserved DNA-binding domain that recognises specific sequences (), and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain ().
The N-terminal modulatory domain spans the first 180 residues and contains the activation function 1 (AF1) region. Nuclear receptors differ considerably with respect to AF1 activity and regulation, as it is a poorly conserved region PUBMED:15831449. There is another activation function region, namely AF2, which resides in the C-terminal end of the ligand-binding domain. Transcription activation is facilitated by both AF1 and AF2, which appear to act synergistically in the ER complex PUBMED:15728727, PUBMED:14612550. For example, the ER can recruit TIF2 (transcription intermediary factor 2) via the AF1 and AF2 regions, whose synergistic action results in the activation of transcription.
This entry represents the AF1-containing modulatory domain found at the N-terminus in oestrogen alpha-type receptors.
Description text from InterPro entry IPR001292
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